1 /* alloca.c -- allocate automatically reclaimed memory
2 (Mostly) portable public-domain implementation -- D A Gwyn
4 This implementation of the PWB library alloca function,
5 which is used to allocate space off the run-time stack so
6 that it is automatically reclaimed upon procedure exit,
7 was inspired by discussions with J. Q. Johnson of Cornell.
8 J.Otto Tennant <jot@cray.com> contributed the Cray support.
10 There are some preprocessor constants that can
11 be defined when compiling for your specific system, for
12 improved efficiency; however, the defaults should be okay.
14 The general concept of this implementation is to keep
15 track of all alloca-allocated blocks, and reclaim any
16 that are found to be deeper in the stack than the current
17 invocation. This heuristic does not reclaim storage as
18 soon as it becomes invalid, but it will do so eventually.
20 As a special case, alloca(0) reclaims storage without
21 allocating any. It is a good idea to use alloca(0) in
22 your main control loop, etc. to force garbage collection. */
29 # include "blockinput.h"
32 /* If compiling with GCC 2, this file's not needed. */
33 #if !defined (__GNUC__) || __GNUC__ < 2
35 /* If someone has defined alloca as a macro,
36 there must be some other way alloca is supposed to work. */
41 /* actually, only want this if static is defined as ""
42 -- this is for usg, in which emacs must undefine static
43 in order to make unexec workable
45 # ifndef STACK_DIRECTION
48 -- must know STACK_DIRECTION at compile-time
49 # endif /* STACK_DIRECTION undefined */
53 /* If your stack is a linked list of frames, you have to
54 provide an "address metric" ADDRESS_FUNCTION macro. */
56 # if defined (CRAY) && defined (CRAY_STACKSEG_END)
58 # define ADDRESS_FUNCTION(arg) (char *) i00afunc (&(arg))
60 # define ADDRESS_FUNCTION(arg) &(arg)
64 typedef void *pointer;
66 typedef char *pointer;
73 /* Different portions of Emacs need to call different versions of
74 malloc. The Emacs executable needs alloca to call xmalloc, because
75 ordinary malloc isn't protected from input signals. On the other
76 hand, the utilities in lib-src need alloca to call malloc; some of
77 them are very simple, and don't have an xmalloc routine.
79 Non-Emacs programs expect this to call xmalloc.
81 Callers below should use malloc. */
84 # define malloc xmalloc
86 extern pointer malloc ();
88 /* Define STACK_DIRECTION if you know the direction of stack
89 growth for your system; otherwise it will be automatically
92 STACK_DIRECTION > 0 => grows toward higher addresses
93 STACK_DIRECTION < 0 => grows toward lower addresses
94 STACK_DIRECTION = 0 => direction of growth unknown */
96 # ifndef STACK_DIRECTION
97 # define STACK_DIRECTION 0 /* Direction unknown. */
100 # if STACK_DIRECTION != 0
102 # define STACK_DIR STACK_DIRECTION /* Known at compile-time. */
104 # else /* STACK_DIRECTION == 0; need run-time code. */
106 static int stack_dir; /* 1 or -1 once known. */
107 # define STACK_DIR stack_dir
110 find_stack_direction ()
112 static char *addr = NULL; /* Address of first `dummy', once known. */
113 auto char dummy; /* To get stack address. */
116 { /* Initial entry. */
117 addr = ADDRESS_FUNCTION (dummy);
119 find_stack_direction (); /* Recurse once. */
124 if (ADDRESS_FUNCTION (dummy) > addr)
125 stack_dir = 1; /* Stack grew upward. */
127 stack_dir = -1; /* Stack grew downward. */
131 # endif /* STACK_DIRECTION == 0 */
133 /* An "alloca header" is used to:
134 (a) chain together all alloca'ed blocks;
135 (b) keep track of stack depth.
137 It is very important that sizeof(header) agree with malloc
138 alignment chunk size. The following default should work okay. */
141 # define ALIGN_SIZE sizeof(double)
146 char align[ALIGN_SIZE]; /* To force sizeof(header). */
149 union hdr *next; /* For chaining headers. */
150 char *deep; /* For stack depth measure. */
154 static header *last_alloca_header = NULL; /* -> last alloca header. */
156 /* Return a pointer to at least SIZE bytes of storage,
157 which will be automatically reclaimed upon exit from
158 the procedure that called alloca. Originally, this space
159 was supposed to be taken from the current stack frame of the
160 caller, but that method cannot be made to work for some
161 implementations of C, for example under Gould's UTX/32. */
167 auto char probe; /* Probes stack depth: */
168 register char *depth = ADDRESS_FUNCTION (probe);
170 # if STACK_DIRECTION == 0
171 if (STACK_DIR == 0) /* Unknown growth direction. */
172 find_stack_direction ();
175 /* Reclaim garbage, defined as all alloca'd storage that
176 was allocated from deeper in the stack than currently. */
179 register header *hp; /* Traverses linked list. */
185 for (hp = last_alloca_header; hp != NULL;)
186 if ((STACK_DIR > 0 && hp->h.deep > depth)
187 || (STACK_DIR < 0 && hp->h.deep < depth))
189 register header *np = hp->h.next;
191 free ((pointer) hp); /* Collect garbage. */
193 hp = np; /* -> next header. */
196 break; /* Rest are not deeper. */
198 last_alloca_header = hp; /* -> last valid storage. */
206 return NULL; /* No allocation required. */
208 /* Allocate combined header + user data storage. */
211 register pointer new = malloc (sizeof (header) + size);
212 /* Address of header. */
214 ((header *) new)->h.next = last_alloca_header;
215 ((header *) new)->h.deep = depth;
217 last_alloca_header = (header *) new;
219 /* User storage begins just after header. */
221 return (pointer) ((char *) new + sizeof (header));
225 # if defined (CRAY) && defined (CRAY_STACKSEG_END)
227 # ifdef DEBUG_I00AFUNC
234 /* Stack structures for CRAY-1, CRAY X-MP, and CRAY Y-MP */
235 struct stack_control_header
237 long shgrow:32; /* Number of times stack has grown. */
238 long shaseg:32; /* Size of increments to stack. */
239 long shhwm:32; /* High water mark of stack. */
240 long shsize:32; /* Current size of stack (all segments). */
243 /* The stack segment linkage control information occurs at
244 the high-address end of a stack segment. (The stack
245 grows from low addresses to high addresses.) The initial
246 part of the stack segment linkage control information is
247 0200 (octal) words. This provides for register storage
248 for the routine which overflows the stack. */
250 struct stack_segment_linkage
252 long ss[0200]; /* 0200 overflow words. */
253 long sssize:32; /* Number of words in this segment. */
254 long ssbase:32; /* Offset to stack base. */
256 long sspseg:32; /* Offset to linkage control of previous
259 long sstcpt:32; /* Pointer to task common address block. */
260 long sscsnm; /* Private control structure number for
262 long ssusr1; /* Reserved for user. */
263 long ssusr2; /* Reserved for user. */
264 long sstpid; /* Process ID for pid based multi-tasking. */
265 long ssgvup; /* Pointer to multitasking thread giveup. */
266 long sscray[7]; /* Reserved for Cray Research. */
286 /* The following structure defines the vector of words
287 returned by the STKSTAT library routine. */
290 long now; /* Current total stack size. */
291 long maxc; /* Amount of contiguous space which would
292 be required to satisfy the maximum
293 stack demand to date. */
294 long high_water; /* Stack high-water mark. */
295 long overflows; /* Number of stack overflow ($STKOFEN) calls. */
296 long hits; /* Number of internal buffer hits. */
297 long extends; /* Number of block extensions. */
298 long stko_mallocs; /* Block allocations by $STKOFEN. */
299 long underflows; /* Number of stack underflow calls ($STKRETN). */
300 long stko_free; /* Number of deallocations by $STKRETN. */
301 long stkm_free; /* Number of deallocations by $STKMRET. */
302 long segments; /* Current number of stack segments. */
303 long maxs; /* Maximum number of stack segments so far. */
304 long pad_size; /* Stack pad size. */
305 long current_address; /* Current stack segment address. */
306 long current_size; /* Current stack segment size. This
307 number is actually corrupted by STKSTAT to
308 include the fifteen word trailer area. */
309 long initial_address; /* Address of initial segment. */
310 long initial_size; /* Size of initial segment. */
313 /* The following structure describes the data structure which trails
314 any stack segment. I think that the description in 'asdef' is
315 out of date. I only describe the parts that I am sure about. */
319 long this_address; /* Address of this block. */
320 long this_size; /* Size of this block (does not include
324 long link; /* Address of trailer block of previous
339 # endif /* not CRAY_STACK */
342 /* Determine a "stack measure" for an arbitrary ADDRESS.
343 I doubt that "lint" will like this much. */
346 i00afunc (long *address)
348 struct stk_stat status;
349 struct stk_trailer *trailer;
353 /* We want to iterate through all of the segments. The first
354 step is to get the stack status structure. We could do this
355 more quickly and more directly, perhaps, by referencing the
356 $LM00 common block, but I know that this works. */
360 /* Set up the iteration. */
362 trailer = (struct stk_trailer *) (status.current_address
363 + status.current_size
366 /* There must be at least one stack segment. Therefore it is
367 a fatal error if "trailer" is null. */
372 /* Discard segments that do not contain our argument address. */
376 block = (long *) trailer->this_address;
377 size = trailer->this_size;
378 if (block == 0 || size == 0)
380 trailer = (struct stk_trailer *) trailer->link;
381 if ((block <= address) && (address < (block + size)))
385 /* Set the result to the offset in this segment and add the sizes
386 of all predecessor segments. */
388 result = address - block;
397 if (trailer->this_size <= 0)
399 result += trailer->this_size;
400 trailer = (struct stk_trailer *) trailer->link;
402 while (trailer != 0);
404 /* We are done. Note that if you present a bogus address (one
405 not in any segment), you will get a different number back, formed
406 from subtracting the address of the first block. This is probably
407 not what you want. */
412 # else /* not CRAY2 */
413 /* Stack address function for a CRAY-1, CRAY X-MP, or CRAY Y-MP.
414 Determine the number of the cell within the stack,
415 given the address of the cell. The purpose of this
416 routine is to linearize, in some sense, stack addresses
420 i00afunc (long address)
424 long size, pseg, this_segment, stack;
427 struct stack_segment_linkage *ssptr;
429 /* Register B67 contains the address of the end of the
430 current stack segment. If you (as a subprogram) store
431 your registers on the stack and find that you are past
432 the contents of B67, you have overflowed the segment.
434 B67 also points to the stack segment linkage control
435 area, which is what we are really interested in. */
437 stkl = CRAY_STACKSEG_END ();
438 ssptr = (struct stack_segment_linkage *) stkl;
440 /* If one subtracts 'size' from the end of the segment,
441 one has the address of the first word of the segment.
443 If this is not the first segment, 'pseg' will be
446 pseg = ssptr->sspseg;
447 size = ssptr->sssize;
449 this_segment = stkl - size;
451 /* It is possible that calling this routine itself caused
452 a stack overflow. Discard stack segments which do not
453 contain the target address. */
455 while (!(this_segment <= address && address <= stkl))
457 # ifdef DEBUG_I00AFUNC
458 fprintf (stderr, "%011o %011o %011o\n", this_segment, address, stkl);
463 ssptr = (struct stack_segment_linkage *) stkl;
464 size = ssptr->sssize;
465 pseg = ssptr->sspseg;
466 this_segment = stkl - size;
469 result = address - this_segment;
471 /* If you subtract pseg from the current end of the stack,
472 you get the address of the previous stack segment's end.
473 This seems a little convoluted to me, but I'll bet you save
474 a cycle somewhere. */
478 # ifdef DEBUG_I00AFUNC
479 fprintf (stderr, "%011o %011o\n", pseg, size);
482 ssptr = (struct stack_segment_linkage *) stkl;
483 size = ssptr->sssize;
484 pseg = ssptr->sspseg;
490 # endif /* not CRAY2 */
493 # endif /* no alloca */
494 #endif /* not GCC version 2 */